Eastern Imperial Eagle
Aquila heliaca
Bird Encyclopedia 141
Archive
Greater Spotted Eagle
Clanga clanga
Pallid Harrier
Circus macrourus
Hen Harrier
Circus cyaneus
Eurasian Bittern
Botaurus stellaris
Spotted Crake
Porzana porzana
Goldcrest
Regulus regulus
Common Reed Bunting
Schoeniclus schoeniclus
Moustached Warbler
Acrocephalus melanopogon
Cetti’s Warbler
Cettia cetti
Jack Snipe
Lymnocryptes minimus
Water Pipit
Anthus spinoletta
Gull-billed Tern
Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian Tern
Hydroprogne caspia
Sandwich Tern
Thalasseus sandvicensis
Slender-billed Gull
Chroicocephalus genei
Common Gull
Larus canus
Black-headed Gull
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Greater White-fronted Goose
Anser albifrons
Water Rail
Rallus aquaticus
European Red-rumped Swallow
Cecropis rufula
Spotless Starling
Sturnus unicolor
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea
Common Bulbul
Pycnonotus barbatus
White-eared Bulbul
Pycnonotus leucotis
White-spectacled Bulbul
Pycnonotus xanthopygos
Pharaoh Eagle-Owl
Bubo ascalaphus
Griffon Vulture
Gyps fulvus
Eurasian Wren
Nannus troglodytes
Steppe Eagle
Aquila nipalensis
Booted Eagle
Hieraaetus pennatus
Eurasian Jay
Garrulus glandarius
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
Isabelline Wheatear
Oenanthe isabellina
Black Kite
Milvus migrans
Alpine Swift
Tachymarptis melba
Pallid Swift
Apus pallidus
Common Swift
Apus apus
Sand Martin
Riparia riparia
Western House Martin
Delichon urbicum
Greater Hoopoe-Lark
Alaemon alaudipes
Desert Lark
Ammomanes deserti
Desert Wheatear
Oenanthe deserti
Sand Partridge
Ammoperdix heyi
Pin-tailed Sandgrouse
Pterocles alchata
Black-bellied Sandgrouse
Pterocles orientalis
Rock Dove
Columba livia
Arabian Green Bee-eater
Merops cyanophrys
European Roller
Coracias garrulus
White-throated Kingfisher
Halcyon smyrnensis
Lanner Falcon
Falco biarmicus
Long-legged Buzzard
Buteo rufinus
Black Stork
Ciconia nigra
Barbary Partridge
Alectoris barbara
Greater Flamingo
Phoenicopterus roseus
Western Reef Heron
Egretta gularis
Common Nightingale
Luscinia megarhynchos
Squacco Heron
Ardeola ralloides
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
Northern Lapwing
Vanellus vanellus — Wet fields, autumn passage and winter visitors
Black-necked Grebe
Podiceps nigricollis — a diving waterbird with contrasting seasonal plumages
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica — a coastal wader and long-distance migrant
Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis — a slender migrant of shallow wetlands
Eurasian Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Woodlark
Lullula arborea — The voice of open woodland edges and grassy slopes
Dunnock
Prunella modularis — A discreet visitor beneath the shrubs
European Greenfinch
Chloris chloris — A seed-eater of orchards, woodland edges and gardens
Meadow Pipit
Anthus pratensis — An open-country passage migrant and winter visitor
Greylag Goose
Anser anser — A large wild goose whose regional abundance varies sharply
Great Crested Grebe
Podiceps cristatus — A lake diver combining local breeding and winter visits
Ruddy Shelduck
Tadorna ferruginea — From Atlas lakes to Levantine winters: not a visitor everywhere
Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius hiaticula — A small shorebird feeding through runs and pauses
Grey Plover
Pluvialis squatarola — An Arctic breeder linked to Arab tidal shores
Spotted Redshank
Tringa erythropus — from summer black to winter grey
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola — a migrant of pools and flooded fields
Ruff
Calidris pugnax — beyond the spectacular breeding ruff
Eurasian Curlew
Numenius arquata — a long-billed visitor to winter shores
Glossy Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus — an iridescent wetland wanderer
Eurasian Sparrowhawk
Accipiter nisus — An agile bird hunter alternating wingbeats and glides, with females markedly larger than males
Common Buzzard
Buteo buteo — A broad-winged raptor with variable plumage, soaring over open country and migrating through the Levant
Common Linnet
The finch of fields and hedges: resident breeders and winter arrivals from Morocco to the Levant
Ferruginous Duck
Aythya nyroca — A Near Threatened chestnut duck linking Arab breeding wetlands with winter lakes
European Serin
A yellow orchard songbird: recognition, breeding and winter occurrence of the European Serin
Brambling
A white-rumped winter visitor linking northern forests with the Levant and Morocco
Little Owl
Athene noctua — A small resident owl in diverse Arab habitats, active at night and dusk and sometimes visible by day
Eurasian Siskin
A small seed specialist with autumn passage and variable winter occurrence across the Arab region
Green Sandpiper
Tringa ochropus — White rump and dark wings: an Arab wetland visitor nesting in northern trees
Little Stint
Calidris minuta — A tiny shorebird linking Arctic tundra with Arab passage and winter shores
Common Hoopoe
Upupa epops — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Common Redstart
Phoenicurus phoenicurus — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
European Stonechat
Saxicola rubicola — Identification, habitats, breeding and seasonal occurrence in the Arab region
Grey Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Whinchat
Saxicola rubetra — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Western Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava — Identification, habitats, breeding and seasonal occurrence in the Arab region
Eurasian Jackdaw
Coloeus monedula — Identification, habitats, breeding and seasonal occurrence in the Arab region
Sardinian Warbler
Curruca melanocephala — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Eurasian Collared Dove
Streptopelia decaocto — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Great Tit
Parus major — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Laughing Dove
Spilopelia senegalensis — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Hooded Crow
Corvus cornix — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Common Blackbird
Turdus merula — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Eurasian Chaffinch
Fringilla coelebs — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Great Egret
Ardea alba — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos — Identification, habitats, breeding and occurrence in the Arab region
Gadwall
Mareca strepera — a dabbling duck with a white wing patch
Tufted Duck
Aythya fuligula — a diving duck on passage and wintering waters
Common Pochard
Aythya ferina — a diving duck between migration, wintering and local breeding
Black-winged Stilt
Himantopus himantopus — a long-legged wader, both resident and migrant
Pied Avocet
Recurvirostra avosetta — a wader combining migration with local breeding in Arab wetlands.
Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa — a long-billed wader between migration and wintering grounds
Dunlin: a small wader linking the north to Arab shores
Its plumage changes from a black summer belly to winter grey, while its journeys connect northern breeding habitats with passage and wintering coasts.
Common Redshank: red legs beside winter wetlands
Red legs and a white trailing edge to the wing identify a wader that reaches many Arab wetlands on migration and in winter.
Common Greenshank: a shallow-water visitor to the Arab world
From coasts to inland pools, this migrant combines greenish legs with a bill that turns slightly upwards.
The shrike: a bird that executes its prey on thorns
A small bird turns thorns into tools for holding prey and storing food. How does it do it, and where can shrikes be seen in Arab countries?
Eurasian Coot: resident and migrant flocks meet in Arab wetlands
Recognising the Eurasian Coot, its age groups and life cycle, and its Arab-world distribution as resident breeder, passage migrant and winter visitor.
Eurasian Teal: a small duck linking Arab wetlands with northern flyways
Identification, Arab migration and wintering, life cycle and the taxonomic scope of Eurasian Teal within Anas crecca.
Little Grebe: diving among reeds, where residents meet winter visitors
Little Grebe identification, life cycle and Arab seasonal distribution, distinguishing residence, migration and breeding.
Northern Shoveler: a filtering bill and an autumn journey through Arab wetlands
Identification, life cycle and seasonal Arab-world distribution of Northern Shoveler, including the distinction between winter presence and rare local breeding.
Northern Pintail: the long-necked duck linking Arab autumn to northern breeding grounds
A guide to Northern Pintail identification, food and life cycle, with documented seasonal occurrence from Tunisia, Egypt and Palestine to Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
Eurasian Wigeon: a grazing duck connecting northern Eurasia with Arab wetland winters
Eurasian Wigeon identification, feeding and life cycle, with documented Arab-world seasonal occurrence and carefully distinguished regional migration dates.
Barn Swallow in the Arab world: autumn wings between passage and residency
Forked tail, pointed wings and flights over fields and water: a guide to Barn Swallow populations and seasons across the Maghreb, Levant, Egypt and Arabia.
Common Sandpiper in the Arab world: a traveller along the water’s edge
A small wader with a distinctive teetering movement: identification, migration, winter occurrence and habitats from the Maghreb to the Levant and Arabia.
Northern Wheatear in the Arab world: an autumn traveller of open ground
How to recognise Northern Wheatear and understand its passage, breeding and winter occurrence across the Maghreb, Levant and Arabian Peninsula.
White Wagtail in the Arab World During Migration and Winter
From riverbanks and lakeshores to fields and gardens, the White Wagtail draws attention with its long tail and constant movement. Its Arab-world range…
Common Chiffchaff in the Arab World
From the Maghreb to Egypt, the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, the Common Chiffchaff occurs on migration and in winter, with breeding documented in some…
Black Redstart in the Arab world between local residence and autumn migration
A rusty tail quivers above a rock or old wall, followed by a short flight to the ground and a return to the perch. This movement may draw attention to a…
